King Alfonso XIII
King Alfonso XIII was born on May 17, 1886, in Madrid, Spain. He ascended to the throne as a child after the death of his father, King Alfonso XII, in 1885. He was ruled by his mother, Queen Maria Christina, until he turned 16, at which point he took on full responsibility for his reign. During his reign, Spain suffered multiple crises, including the Spanish-American War, the Rif War in Morocco, and various political upheavals. These events weakened the monarchy's power and credibility, leading to the downfall of Alfonso's reign. In 1923, a military coup led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera took control of the government, and Alfonso supported his rule. However, he eventually realized that the dictatorship was unsustainable, and in 1930, he allowed for the creation of a new government. In 1931, municipal elections were held, and the Republican Party won most of the votes. This led to the fall of the monarchy, and Alfonso was forced to go into exile in Rome. He never returned to Spain, and died in Rome on February 28, 1941, at the age of 54.
